Films generally had opening credits only, which consisted of just major cast and crew, although sometimes the names of the cast and the characters they played would be shown at the end. The use of closing credits in film to list complete production crew and the cast was not firmly established in American film until the late 1960s and early 1970s. Occasionally closing credits will divert from this standard form to scroll in another direction, include illustrations, extra scenes, bloopers, joke credits, or post-credits scenes. Credits are either a series of static frames, or a single list that scrolls from the bottom of the screen to the top. Typically, the closing credits appear in white lettering on a solid black background, often with a musical background. A full set of credits can include the cast and crew, but also production sponsors, distribution companies, works of music licensed or written for the work, various legal disclaimers, such as copyright and more. Where opening credits appear at the beginning of a work, closing credits appear close to, or at the very end of a work. Closing credits or end credits are a list of the cast and crew of a particular motion picture, television program, or video game.
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